[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.alfagrif.cz\/zena-jako-omyl-prirody-aneb-stredoveka-zena-a-jeji-postaveni-ve-spolecnosti\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.alfagrif.cz\/zena-jako-omyl-prirody-aneb-stredoveka-zena-a-jeji-postaveni-ve-spolecnosti\/","headline":"\u017dena jako omyl p\u0159\u00edrody aneb St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 \u017eena a jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti","name":"\u017dena jako omyl p\u0159\u00edrody aneb St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 \u017eena a jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti","description":"Kdy\u017e se ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch prob\u00edr\u00e1 v hodin\u00e1ch d\u011bjepisu st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost a postaven\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch vrstev, \u017e\u00e1ci se nezapomenou zeptat, jak\u00e9 postaven\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti zauj\u00edmaly pr\u00e1v\u011b \u017eeny. U\u010ditel\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e takto: \u017eena ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byla v\u00fdhradn\u011b pod\u0159\u00edzena mu\u017ei, alespo\u0148 co se spole\u010densk\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed t\u00fd\u010de. \u017dena nemohla vykon\u00e1vat \u00fa\u0159ady ani se nemohla aktivn\u011b pod\u00edlet […]","datePublished":"2023-05-11","dateModified":"2023-05-11","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.alfagrif.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.alfagrif.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"alfagrif.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.alfagrif.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a289292_w2213_t1500718741.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.alfagrif.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a289292_w2213_t1500718741.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.alfagrif.cz\/zena-jako-omyl-prirody-aneb-stredoveka-zena-a-jeji-postaveni-ve-spolecnosti\/","wordCount":656,"articleBody":"Kdy\u017e se ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch prob\u00edr\u00e1 v hodin\u00e1ch d\u011bjepisu st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost a postaven\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch vrstev, \u017e\u00e1ci se nezapomenou zeptat, jak\u00e9 postaven\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti zauj\u00edmaly pr\u00e1v\u011b \u017eeny. U\u010ditel\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e takto: \u017eena ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byla v\u00fdhradn\u011b pod\u0159\u00edzena mu\u017ei, alespo\u0148 co se spole\u010densk\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed t\u00fd\u010de. \u017dena nemohla vykon\u00e1vat \u00fa\u0159ady ani se nemohla aktivn\u011b pod\u00edlet na politice, ale jak klasik tvrd\u00ed: za v\u0161\u00edm hledej \u017eenu. P\u0159esto\u017ee \u017eena aktivn\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 d\u011bn\u00ed neovliv\u0148ovala, m\u011bla mo\u017enost ho ovlivnit pr\u00e1v\u011b skrze sv\u00e9ho mu\u017ee nebo otce.
 V ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku byla \u017eena zcela upozad\u011bn\u00e1 a p\u0159evl\u00e1dal zejm\u00e9na v c\u00edrkevn\u00edch kruz\u00edch velmi negativn\u00ed obraz zp\u016fsoben\u00fd Bibl\u00ed a t\u00edm, co se zde p\u00ed\u0161e o Ev\u011b. Eva je zde vykreslena jako h\u0159\u00ed\u0161nice, kter\u00e1 neuposlechla rady bo\u017e\u00ed a nechala se sv\u00e9st na scest\u00ed proradn\u00fdm hadem, kdy\u017e okusila jablko ze stromu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. Od t\u00e9 doby ji B\u016fh trest\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 i t\u00edm, \u017ee nad \u017eenou v\u017edy bude vl\u00e1dnout mu\u017e. Tento n\u00e1zor byl podporov\u00e1n i mnoh\u00fdmi antick\u00fdmi filozofy, nap\u0159\u00edklad Aristoteles \u017eenu ozna\u010duje jako omyl p\u0159\u00edrody.
 Zm\u011bnu v tomto negativn\u00edm nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na \u017eensk\u00e9 pokolen\u00ed p\u0159ineslo a\u017e dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9 stolet\u00ed a s n\u00edm dv\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. Ve 12. stolet\u00ed prob\u00edhaly k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy, s nimi\u017e byl spojov\u00e1n i kult ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fd, kter\u00fd velel, \u017ee o \u017eenu je t\u0159eba bojovat. A to p\u0159\u00edmo v r\u016fzn\u00fdch ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdch souboj\u00edch nebo nep\u0159\u00edmo skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm milostn\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00ed pro vyvolenou a galantn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 si \u017eena zasluhuje. To v\u0161e bylo podporov\u00e1no i rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se tzv. mari\u00e1nsk\u00fdm kultem, kter\u00fd oproti h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00e9 Ev\u011b stav\u011bl po\u010destnou Pannu Marii, kterou spole\u010dnost vn\u00edmala jako Bohorodi\u010dku a jako symbol po\u010det\u00ed, mate\u0159stv\u00ed a po\u010destnosti.
 Po dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta se na toto t\u00e9ma vedly disputace mezi c\u00edrkevn\u00edmi p\u0159edstaviteli a filozofy. Proti negativn\u00edm n\u00e1zor\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo vystoupit Kristin\u011b Pis\u00e1nsk\u00e9, vzd\u011blan\u00e9 italsk\u00e9 vdov\u011b, kter\u00e1 se mimo jin\u00e9 \u017eivila opisov\u00e1n\u00edm text\u016f, co\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byla v\u00fdsada mu\u017e\u016f, zejm\u00e9na vzd\u011blan\u00fdch mnich\u016f. Kristina Pis\u00e1nk\u00e1 v 15. stolet\u00ed sepsala text Kniha o m\u011bst\u011b \u017een, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eenu srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s mu\u017eem a jedin\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma pohlav\u00edmi spat\u0159uje pouze ve fyzick\u00e9 konstituci.
 To v\u0161echno je ale pouh\u00e1 teorie, praxe vypadala jinak \u2013 v praxi byla \u017eena v\u017edy pod\u0159\u00edzena mu\u017ei, a to bu\u010f otci, nebo man\u017eelovi, nav\u00edc j\u00ed hrozily hor\u0161\u00ed tresty za cizolo\u017estv\u00ed, zat\u00edmco u mu\u017e\u016f se tento proh\u0159e\u0161ek toleroval. V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v\u0161ak zast\u00e1valy vdovy, zejm\u00e9na ty, kter\u00e9 po man\u017eelovi zd\u011bdily majetky. Bohat\u00e9 vdovy se tak nemusely znovu vd\u00e1vat a se sv\u00fdm majetkem mohly nakl\u00e1dat, jak samy uznaly za vhodn\u00e9.
 Nepatrnou zm\u011bnu v pohledu na \u017eenu p\u0159inesl Jan Hus, kter\u00fd ve sv\u00fdch k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edch prohla\u0161oval, \u017ee \u017eena a mu\u017e jsou si rovni, av\u0161ak omezoval to pouze na rovnost p\u0159ed bohem. D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u017een\u00e1m dodal sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a ty se za\u010daly zaj\u00edmat samy o vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.
 Z\u00e1v\u011brem je v\u0161ak nutno dodat, \u017ee a\u0165 u\u017e filozofov\u00e9 a c\u00edrkevn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 tvrdili o postaven\u00ed \u017eeny cokoliv, v\u017edy z\u00e1le\u017eelo na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm mu\u017ei, jak se ke sv\u00e9 man\u017eelce choval a jak k t\u011bmto ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m p\u0159istupoval.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (4 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u017dena jako omyl p\u0159\u00edrody aneb St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 \u017eena a jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti","item":"https:\/\/www.alfagrif.cz\/zena-jako-omyl-prirody-aneb-stredoveka-zena-a-jeji-postaveni-ve-spolecnosti\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]